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  • Intra- and Interhost Evolutionary Dynamics of Equine Influenza Virus

    Author(s)
    Murcia, Pablo R.
    Baillie, Gregory J.
    Daly, Janet
    Elton, Debra
    Jervis, Carley
    Mumford, Jennifer A.
    Newton, Richard
    Parrish, Colin R.
    Hoelzer, Karin
    Dougan, Gordon
    Parkhill, Julian
    Lennard, Nicola
    Ormond, Doug
    Moule, Sharon
    Whitwham, Andrew
    McCauley, John W.
    McKinley, Trevelyan J.
    Holmes, Edward C.
    Grenfell, Bryan T.
    Wood, James L. N.
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Baillie, Greg
    Year published
    2010
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Determining the evolutionary basis of cross-species transmission and immune evasion is key to understanding the mechanisms that control the emergence of either new viruses or novel antigenic variants with pandemic potential. The hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza A viruses is a critical host range determinant and a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a significant pathogen of the horse that causes periodical outbreaks of disease even in populations with high vaccination coverage. EIV has also jumped the species barrier and emerged as a novel respiratory pathogen in dogs, canine ...
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    Determining the evolutionary basis of cross-species transmission and immune evasion is key to understanding the mechanisms that control the emergence of either new viruses or novel antigenic variants with pandemic potential. The hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza A viruses is a critical host range determinant and a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a significant pathogen of the horse that causes periodical outbreaks of disease even in populations with high vaccination coverage. EIV has also jumped the species barrier and emerged as a novel respiratory pathogen in dogs, canine influenza virus. We studied the dynamics of equine influenza virus evolution in horses at the intrahost level and how this evolutionary process is affected by interhost transmission in a natural setting. To this end, we performed clonal sequencing of the hemagglutinin 1 gene derived from individual animals at different times postinfection. Our results show that despite the population consensus sequence remaining invariant, genetically distinct subpopulations persist during the course of infection and are also transmitted, with some variants likely to change antigenicity. We also detected a natural case of mixed infection in an animal infected during an outbreak of equine influenza, raising the possibility of reassortment between different strains of virus. In sum, our data suggest that transmission bottlenecks may not be as narrow as originally perceived and that the genetic diversity required to adapt to new host species may be partially present in the donor host and potentially transmitted to the recipient host.
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    Journal Title
    Journal of Virology
    Volume
    84
    Issue
    14
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00112-10
    Subject
    Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
    Biological Sciences
    Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/62482
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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