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dc.contributor.authorEdokpolo, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorYu, Qiming Jimmy
dc.contributor.authorConnell, Des
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T12:06:38Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T12:06:38Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph110606354
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/66622
dc.description.abstractA comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative Probability Distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (CEXP50) and 95% (CEXP95) exposure levels. HQ50 and HQ95 > 1 were obtained with benzene in the scenario for service station attendants and mechanics repairing petrol dispensing pumps indicating a possible health risk. The risk was minimized for service stations using vapour recovery systems which greatly reduced the benzene exposure levels. HQ50 and HQ95 < 1 were obtained for all other scenarios with benzene suggesting minimal risk for most of the exposed population. However, HQ50 and HQ95 < 1 was also found with toluene and xylene for all scenarios, suggesting minimal health risk. The lifetime excess Cancer Risk (CR) and Overall Risk Probability for cancer on exposure to benzene was calculated for all Scenarios and this was higher amongst service station attendants than any other scenario.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.format.extent2962648 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherM D P I AG
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationN
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom6354
dc.relation.ispartofpageto6374
dc.relation.ispartofjournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and . Public Health
dc.relation.ispartofvolume11
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchAtmospheric composition, chemistry and processes
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode370104
dc.titleHealth Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
gro.facultyGriffith Sciences, Griffith School of Environment
gro.rights.copyright© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, author. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorConnell, Des W.
gro.griffith.authorYu, Jimmy J.


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