Motivations of masters surf lifesavers

Abstract

Introduction An understanding of the reasons people participate in sport and exercise is fundamental to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Attitudes to physical activity and competition have changed significantly, resulting in the development of masters’ games competitions. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that motivate masters surf lifesavers to participate in competition. Methods The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (Masters, Ogles & Jolton (1993) consider four general categories: physical health motives; social motives ; achievement motives ; and psychological motives. The Scales were modified (Ogles and Masters, 2003) and forwarded to all competitors throughout Australia. 142 responses were received – 114 male and 28 female. These were divided into young (30-49) and old (50+) competitors, with 78 and 64 in each respective category. Means and standard deviations were used to identify the most important motives for competition, as well as for each age group and gender. Results General Health Orientation was considered the most important motive for participation. These items focused on improving one’s health, prolonging life and becoming more physically fit. The second most important motive cited was Affiliation. The items denoting this motive including socializing with friends and sharing a group identity. The old competitors indicated General Health Orientation to be the most important motive. Personal Goal Achievement was considered the second most important motive, with Affiliation rated third by this age group. The younger competitors similarly rated General Health Orientation as the most important, but not to the same degree. Interestingly, this group rated Affiliation second and Personal Goal Achievement third from the nine scales. Differences were demonstrated between the old and young competitors in regards to the importance of Personal Goal Achievement and Self-Esteem. Female competitors rated Affiliation as the most important motive, followed closely by General Health Orientation and Personal Goal Achievement. Males rated General Health Orientation as clearly the most important motive, ahead of Affiliation and Life Meaning. Significant differences between the genders were found only in the rating of Life Meaning. Discussion Although ageing causes inevitable physical changes, physical activity associated with sports competition for older adults becomes even more important (Cox & Reed, 2007). This research indicates specific motives that are considered most important for participation. Leaders of activity programs need to match this diversity to ensure wide participation and a satisfying experience for all participants.