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dc.contributor.authorWan Omar, Sabki
dc.contributor.authorDoh, Jeung-Hwan
dc.contributor.authorPanuwatwanich, Kriengsak
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T11:38:15Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T11:38:15Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.issn16609336
dc.identifier.doi10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.699.858
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/69168
dc.description.abstractThis paper empirically investigates the variations of embodied energy (EE) and carbon (EC) intensities of materials and identifies their parameter variations in hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA). These parameters include energy tariff, primary energy factor, disaggregation constant, emission factor, and price fluctuation. Hybrid LCA has been conducted to expand the system boundary by filling the gaps in traditional LCA data inventories. The Malaysian Input Output(IO) tables are used to derive indirect energy and carbon intensities which are then combined to take advantages of detailed process LCA. The results revealed that maximum increase in energy tariffs and material price fluctuations were the key parameters and issues leading to higher variations in EE and EC intensity values. Other parameters - such as maximum increase in primary energy factor, emission factor and excluding disaggregation constant - have a slight impact upon EE and EC intensity variations. Building materials with high indirect energy in the upstream boundary of materials production have high influence on hybrid LCA variation. Therefore, any decision relating to these materials should be considered carefully.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.format.extent412977 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherTrans Tech Publications
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationN
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom858
dc.relation.ispartofpageto863
dc.relation.ispartofjournalApplied Mechanics and Materials
dc.relation.ispartofvolume699
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchConstruction Materials
dc.subject.fieldofresearchConstruction Engineering
dc.subject.fieldofresearchEngineering
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode090503
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode090502
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode09
dc.titleVariability in Embodied Energy and Carbon Intensities of Building Materials Using Hybrid LCA: Malaysian Experience
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
gro.facultyGriffith Sciences, Griffith School of Engineering
gro.rights.copyright© 2015 Trans Tech Publications. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorDoh, Jeung-Hwan
gro.griffith.authorPanuwatwanich, Kriengsak
gro.griffith.authorWan Omar, Sabki


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