The Sinhala Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Validation and Establishment of the Factor Structure in Pain Patients and Healthy Adults

Abstract

Objective This study was conducted to translate the Pain Catastrophizing Scale into and adapt it to the Sinhala language and to examine its psychometric properties and factor structure in pain patients and healthy adults in Sri Lanka. Setting and design A cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting pain patients from multiple clinics and healthy adults from the community as convenience samples. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Sinhala speakers was carried out using recommended methods. The adaptation's psychometric properties and factor structure were tested in 149 pain patients and 172 healthy adults. Temporal stability was tested in a sample of 104 young adults. Pain intensity of patients was assessed using a visual analog scale, and personality traits of all participants were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results Factor analysis revealed that the three-factor structure of the original version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was the best fit to the data from participant samples. Cronbach's alpha values of the three components and total scores for patients and healthy adults ranged from 0.72 to 0.87. Pain catastrophizing exhibited moderate positive correlations with neuroticism in patients and healthy adults and with pain intensities in patients. A high intraclass correlation coefficient of agreement (0.81) revealed an acceptable temporal stability in young adults. Conclusions The results suggest that the Sinhala version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale retains the original three-factor structure. It is a stable, valid and sufficiently reliable tool to assess pain catastrophizing in Sinhala-speaking individuals in Sri Lanka.