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dc.contributor.authorVelasco-Castrillon, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorMcInnes, Sandra J
dc.contributor.authorSchultz, Mark B
dc.contributor.authorArroniz-Crespo, Maria
dc.contributor.authorD'Haese, Cyrille A
dc.contributor.authorGibson, John AE
dc.contributor.authorAdams, Byron J
dc.contributor.authorPage, Timothy J
dc.contributor.authorAustin, Andrew D
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Steven JB
dc.contributor.authorStevens, Mark I
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-15T02:26:35Z
dc.date.available2018-11-15T02:26:35Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.issn1445-5226
dc.identifier.doi10.1071/IS14019
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/99210
dc.description.abstractAntarctica contains some of the most challenging environmental conditions on the planet due to freezing temperatures, prolonged winters and lack of liquid water. Whereas 99.7% of Antarctica is permanently covered by ice and snow, some coastal areas and mountain ridges have remained ice-free and are able to sustain populations of microinvertebrates. Tardigrades are one of the more dominant groups of microfauna in soil and limno-terrestrial habitats, but little is known of their diversity and distribution across Antarctica. Here, we examine tardigrades sampled from across an extensive region of continental Antarctica, and analyse and compare their partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences with those from the Antarctic Peninsula, maritime and sub-Antarctica, Tierra del Fuego and other worldwide locations in order to recognise operational taxonomic units (OTUs). From 439 new tardigrade COI sequences, we identified 98 unique haplotypes (85 from Antarctica) belonging to Acutuncus, Diphascon, Echiniscus, Macrobiotus, Milnesium and unidentified Parachela. Operational taxonomic units were delimited by Poisson tree processes and general mixed Yule coalescent methods, resulting in 58 and 55 putative species, respectively. Most tardigrades appear to be locally endemic (i.e. restricted to a single geographic region), but some (e.g. Acutuncus antarcticus (Richters, 1904)) are widespread across continental Antarctica. Our molecular results reveal: (i) greater diversity than has previously been appreciated with distinct OTUs that potentially represent undescribed species, and (ii) a lack of connectivity between most OTUs from continental Antarctica and those from other Antarctic geographical zones.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherCSIRO Publishing
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom578
dc.relation.ispartofpageto590
dc.relation.ispartofissue6
dc.relation.ispartofjournalInvertebrate Systematics
dc.relation.ispartofvolume29
dc.subject.fieldofresearchEvolutionary biology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchZoology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchZoology not elsewhere classified
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3104
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3109
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode310999
dc.titleMitochondrial DNA analyses reveal widespread tardigrade diversity in Antarctica
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
gro.hasfulltextNo Full Text
gro.griffith.authorPage, Tim J.


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