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dc.contributor.authorLebaratoux, Pauline
dc.contributor.authorP, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorRayan-Samuel, Paran
dc.contributor.authorMcDonnell, Ann
dc.contributor.authorCock, Ian
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-23T12:30:35Z
dc.date.available2018-10-23T12:30:35Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.issn2249-0167
dc.identifier.doi10.5530/pc.2016.3.7
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/99434
dc.description.abstractBackground: Foods with high oil and fatty acid contents have been linked with a variety of medicinal properties including bacterial growth inhibition, anti-Giardial activity and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Almond, cashew, hazelnut and walnut contain very high fatty acid contents. Despite this, these nuts have not been adequately screened for medicinal properties. Materials and Methods: Almond, cashew, hazelnut and walnut powders were extracted and tested for antimicrobial activity using modified disc diffusion and MIC methods. Inhibitory activity against the gastrointestinal protozoal parasite Giardia duodenalis and against CaCo2 cancer cells were evaluated using colorimetric cell proliferation assays. Toxicity was evaluated using an Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: The methanolic almond and walnut solvent extractions displayed broad spectrumgrowth inhibitory activity, inhibiting the growth of 100 % and 7 of the 11 (64 %) bacterial strains tested respectively. Themethanolic walnut extract was a particularly potent growth inhibitor, with MIC values of ~ 1000 µg/mL, 700 µg/mL and 800 µg/mL against A. baylyi, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris respectively. The methanolic almond extract also had moderate to inhibitory activity against E. coli (MIC ~ 2000 µg/mL), P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris (both ~ 2500 µg/mL). The methanolic cashew and hazelnut extracts were moderate inhibitors of E. coli growth (~ 2500 and 1250 µg/mL respectively). The methanolic almond extract was also a potent inhibitor of G. Duodenalis proliferation (IC50 878 µg/mL). All extracts were ineffective at blocking the growth of the colorectal cancer cell line CaCo2. Instead, most of the extracts substantially stimulated proliferation. All of the nut extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia nauplii bioassay. Conclusion: The bacterial growth inhibitory activities of the methanolic almond and walnut extracts, the anti-Giardial activity of the methanolic almond extract and their lack of toxicity indicates the potential of these extracts in the discovery and development of new natural antibiotic agents.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPharmocognosy Network Worldwide
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom174
dc.relation.ispartofpageto184
dc.relation.ispartofissue3
dc.relation.ispartofjournalPharmacognosy Communications
dc.relation.ispartofvolume6
dc.subject.fieldofresearchBiologically Active Molecules
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPlant Biology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode030401
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode0607
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode1115
dc.titleAn Evaluation of the Antibacterial, Anti-Giardial, Anticancer and Toxicity Properties of Selected Nut Extracts
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.facultyGriffith Sciences, School of Environment and Science
gro.rights.copyright© The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorCock, Ian E.
gro.griffith.authorMcDonnell, Ann A.
gro.griffith.authorRayan-Samuel, Paran
gro.griffith.authorP, Joseph S.
gro.griffith.authorLebaratoux, Pauline


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