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dc.contributor.authorWright, Mitchell
dc.contributor.authorArnold, Megan
dc.contributor.authorLee, Cameron
dc.contributor.authorCourtney, Reece
dc.contributor.authorGreene, Tony
dc.contributor.authorCock, Ian
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-25T03:38:46Z
dc.date.available2018-06-25T03:38:46Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.issn2249-0167
dc.identifier.doi10.5530/pc.2016.2.6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/99579
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram positive pathogenic bacterium which cause a variety of diseases including streptococcal pharyngitis, impetigo and rheumatic heart disease, depending on which tissue it infects. Many Terminalia spp. have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. Methods: Solvent extracts were prepared using Indian Terminalia spp. with documented ethnobotanical usage to treat bacterial infections, or published antibacterial activity. The extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for the ability to inhibit the growth of aclinical strain of S. pyogenes. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: T. arjuna, T. catappa and T. chebula methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts displayed potent antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay against S. pyogenes. The T. catappa and T. chebulaethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent, with MIC values of 225 and 205 µg/mL respectively. All methanolic extracts were also potent growth inhibitors with MIC values of 268 µg/mL (T. arjunamethanolic extract), 425 µg/mL (T. catappa methanolic extract) and 300 µg/mL (T. chebula methanolic extract). The T. catappa hexane extract was also a potent S. pyogenesgrowth inhibitor (MIC 768 µg/mL). All other extracts were either ineffective or were of only low efficacy. Furthermore, all of the Indian Terminalia spp. extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay, with LC50 values >1000 µg/mL. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the methanolic and ethyl acetate T. arjuna, T. catappa and T. chebula extracts against S. pyogenes demonstrates their potential for the treatment and prevention of pharyngitis, impetigo and rheumatic heart disease. All extractswere nontoxic indicating their safety for therapeutic use.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPharmacognosy Network Worldwide
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom85
dc.relation.ispartofpageto92
dc.relation.ispartofissue2
dc.relation.ispartofjournalPharmacognosy Communications
dc.relation.ispartofvolume6
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPlant Biology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode111599
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode0607
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode1115
dc.titleQualitative phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity evaluation of Indian Terminalia spp. against the pharyngitis causing pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.rights.copyright© The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorCock, Ian E.
gro.griffith.authorGreene, Tony C.
gro.griffith.authorCourtney, Reece
gro.griffith.authorWright, Mitchell H.
gro.griffith.authorLee, Cameron J.
gro.griffith.authorArnold, Megan


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