This article explores how Global International Relations can highlight the significance of international thought emerging beyond Europe and the Anglosphere while avoiding cultural essentialism and giving due attention to relationalities between actors. It does so by focusing on the extraordinarily extensive and distinctive support for world government among some of mid-century India's most prominent figures, which has seen only limited engagement in salient dialogues. Jawaharlal Nehru, Mohandas Gandhi and allies sought a world government capable of ending imperial domination and advancing global justice. Anti-caste crusader B.R. Ambedkar called for institutionalized rights of global appeal to challenge what he called an “Empire of the Hindus” imposed by India's upper castes. Hindu nationalist leader M.S. Golwalkar sought to infuse the “World State of Our Concept” with his vision of Hinduism. It is shown how, far from representing an essentialized “Indian view” of world order reform, the accounts diverge dramatically according to the thinkers’ ideological foundations and related orientations to nation, empire and caste. Further, it is shown how Indian actors sought to establish relationalities across national boundaries, striving to promote their own ideas on world government through transformative conversations with key advocates and audiences. Finally, Global IR is shown to provide resources for critically engaging exclusionary views such as Golwalkar's, and for putting diverse views into critical conversation.