Research has shown that participatory music programs can encourage positive health and well-being outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of participatory music programs, which aim to promote positive mental and physical health and well-being outcomes for young people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities, characterized as at-risk. Method: The databases EBSCOhost, ProQuest, SCOPUS, HRCA, Informit, JSTOR, SAGE and OVID were searched for literature published between 2002 and 2013. Outcomes from studies were plotted against the Shultz and Northridge's Social Determinants of Health framework (2005). Results: In total, six sources were included in this review. The majority of music participation programs targeted toward young people characterized as at-risk possess positive outcomes on the Proximate and Health and Well-being levels of the SDOH framework, such as a reduction in anxiety, depression, emotional alienation, truancy and aggression. Additionally, participants in programs reported an increase in attendance in school, self-esteem, cultural empathy, con?dence, personal empowerment and healthy nutrition. Conclusion: Results suggest that participation in music programs is able to encourage positive mental and psychosocial health outcomes for individuals. Considering the short-term focus of programs reviewed, and limitations surrounding data analysis and collection, this paper underscores the need for rigorous research that explores the potential long-term outcomes of similar programs.