There has been increasing interest in the potential benefits of self-compassion as an approach to promoting a positive body image and preventing risks associated with disordered eating behaviours. This chapter provides a critical review of studies that examine the buffering effect of self-compassion on body image concerns, weight-related issues, or eating behaviours, and/or the strengthening effect of self-compassion on positive body image. While findings indicated the benefits of self-compassion, effects were generally small to medium and varied with aspects of the study (sample size, study design, and collection of follow-up data), intervention type (e.g., meditation, writing), and intervention duration. Recommendations are provided for further evaluation research that uses robust methodologies to determine when and how self-compassion interventions assist with problems of body image and eating behaviours.