Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

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Citarella, BW
Kartsonaki, C
Ibáñez-Prada, ED
Gonçalves, BP
Baruch, J
Escher, M
Pritchard, MG
Wei, J
Philippy, F
Dagens, A
Hall, M
Lee, J
Kutsogiannis, DJ
Wils, EJ
Fernandes, MA
et al.
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2024
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Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders.

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Heliyon

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10

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10

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© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Medical virology

Respiratory diseases

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Citarella, BW; Kartsonaki, C; Ibáñez-Prada, ED; Gonçalves, BP; Baruch, J; Escher, M; Pritchard, MG; Wei, J; Philippy, F; Dagens, A; Hall, M; Lee, J; Kutsogiannis, DJ; Wils, EJ; Fernandes, MA; Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, BK; Panda, PK; Martin-Loeches, I; Ohshimo, S; Fatoni, AZ; et al. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms, Heliyon, 2024, 10 (10), e29591

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