Since first coming to power in May 2014, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has eagerly embraced diplomacy, travelling widely and engaging in regular bilateral and multilateral summitry with other apex leaders. His supporters have acclaimed this energetic personal diplomacy, praising it for restoring pride to India and moving the country closer to being a ‘leading power’ in the world. This chapter sets Modi’s diplomacy in context, noting that both precedent and institutional shortcomings have placed greater emphasis on prime ministerial engagement in international affairs than might be the case in other states. It explores some of the innovations of Modi’s time in office aside from his energetic travel and summitry, including new emphases on religious diplomacy and diaspora engagement. And it analyses his personal diplomacy in India’s bilateral relationships with China and Pakistan. It argues that Modi’s embrace of personal diplomacy is neither wholly new nor entirely positive, since it points to continued institutional weaknesses and has not delivered all that it has promised.