Economic evaluations are pivotal in the optimisation of healthcare resources, particularly in the identification and elimination of low-value care. As healthcare systems globally strive for sustainability amid escalating costs and varying health outcomes, the significance of these evaluations cannot be overstated. They provide a systematic approach to assess the value of healthcare interventions, comparing the costs and outcomes of different healthcare strategies. This process is vital for policymakers, healthcare providers and stakeholders to make informed decisions that enhance the quality of care while ensuring the efficient use of resources.

Despite the critical role of economic evaluations, their integration into clinical practice and policymaking faces challenges. These include the complexity of healthcare interventions, variations in patient populations and the dynamic nature of healthcare technologies. Moreover, ethical considerations often arise when determining the value of healthcare interventions, necessitating a careful balance between cost-efficiency and patient-centred care.

This chapter delves into the intricacies of economic evaluations within the context of low-value care. By understanding the methodologies, applications and challenges of these evaluations, stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of healthcare decision-making. The ultimate goal is to foster a healthcare environment where resources are used effectively, ensuring that patients receive high-value care that is beneficial and cost-effective.