South Asian economies have been enjoying high to moderate growth over 2010 and 2019, immediately before COVID-19 hit in 2020. For example, the growth of India has been about 8.5-3.9 per cent, and in Bangladesh it has been 5.6-7.9 per cent (see Chapter 2). This region has also been improving living standards since the last quarter of the 20th century. What made this prosperity possible? It is now widely accepted that globalization enhanced international trade and that more and more trade made this region prosper further. While this region is making strong progress in the early part of the 21st century, new challenges will emerge in the long run. The most important among them is the issue of climate change and its devastating impact on economic and non-economic (social, political, and security) affairs of the region. Since the awarding of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize to former US Vice President Al Gore and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for their works on climate change and global warming, both the developed and developing worlds have realized the urgency in fighting the menace of climate change. The IPCC prediction on global temperature rising by 4°C in 2100 appears to be credible and is acceptable to climate scientists. The chief cause of this warming is thought to be the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which release carbon dioxide and other substances known as ‘greenhouse gases’ into the atmosphere (Mia 2008). This chapter tries to highlight and investigate the overwhelming question: what is the ultimate outcome for South Asia in the years to come?.