Water is one of the most vital resources on earth. Changing climate conditions coupled with growing populations has resulted in an escalating urban water demand thereby making water a scarce resource in many regional and urban centres. Scarcity of water and the ability to meet future water demands is one of the greatest concerns for many governments and public utilities. Residential water consumption represents a significant component of overall water demand. A deeper understanding of residential water consumption variability and its determinants at an end-use level enables the design and implementation of better targeted and more effective urban water conservation strategies, programs and policies. Specifically, it allows for the development of more accurate forecasting models and decision support tools for ensuring urban water security over the long term.