The World Health Organization formed the World Alliance for Patient Safety in 2004. The Alliance works to improve awareness of and political commitment to 10 areas related to patient safety, from hand hygiene to safe surgery. As part of this endeavor, during the past decade, Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) have been developed and used increasingly as a measure of clinical performance worldwide. Patient Safety Indicators provide information on the quality of inpatient care but also focus on preventable complications and adverse events related to surgeries, procedures, and childbirth. Patient Safety Indicators were identified and developed after an extensive literature review; analysis of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification medical coding system codes (eg, rates of death, pressure injury, surgical infection, retained surgical items); expert panel review; and risk adjustment and empirical analyses. Patient Safety Indicators inform the identification of potential adverse events (eg, inpatient complications) that warrant additional study through routinely collected point prevalence and administrative data. Clinical researchers have used PSIs as tools for increasing understanding of adverse events and identifying possible areas of practice improvement in the health care system.