Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Extracts Inhibit Bacterial Triggers of Some Autoimmune Diseases and Potentiate the Activity of Tetracycline
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Cock, Ian Edwin
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Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. is a northern Indian plant species known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. T. chebula fruit powder was extracted with solvents of varying polarity and screened for bacterial growth inhibition by disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by both liquid dilution and disc diffusion techniques. To screen for combinatorial effects, the T. chebula fruit extracts were combined with a range of conventional antibiotics and tested against each bacteria using a liquid dilution assay. Where synergy was detected, the optimal ratios were determined using isobologram analysis. Toxicity was examined using Artemia nauplii and HDF bioassays. T. chebula fruit methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts displayed strong antimicrobial activity against the bacterial triggers of all autoimmune inflammatory diseases except K. pneumoniae, for which only moderate inhibition was observed. Indeed, MIC values as low as 195 μg/mL were measured for the aqueous extract against a resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. Of further note, both the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts interacted synergistically in combination with tetracycline against K. pneumoniae (Σ FIC 0.38 and 0.25 respectively). All extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia and HDF toxicity assays, further indicating their potential for medicinal use.
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Indian Journal of Microbiology
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58
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4
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© 2018 Springer Vienna. This is an electronic version of an article published in Amino Acids, December 2018, Volume 58, Issue 4, pp 496–506. Amino Acids is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article.
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Microbiology
Microbiology not elsewhere classified
Medical microbiology