Because of its large bandgap, TiO2 can function only under UV light. TiO2 surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles can extend the light absorption from UV to visible light region and enhance the photocatalytic quantum yield. In this work, TiO2 nanorods (Cu/TiO2) modified by copper nanoparticles were prepared by a one‐step solvothermal method at low cost. The resultant Cu/TiO2 nanorods show excellent synergistic effect in the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under solar light irradiation. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the Cr(VI) species could effectively scavenge the electrons from MB in the presence of the as‐prepared photocatalyst, leading to the simultaneous removal of both pollutants. Being economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and highly efficient, the proposed photocatalyst holds promise for technologies involving simultaneous organic degradation and heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment.