This chapter introduces current and prior IT governance literature across five key focus areas being strategic alignment of business and IT systems, delivery of value from IT systems, risk management of IT systems, management of IT resources and measurement of the performance of IT systems. The chapter focuses on synthesising the current literature on ITG to achieve three primary objectives. First, the review presents a detailed overview of research across the key focus areas of ITG. Second, the synthesis of the literature identifies important gaps in ITG research. Third, the review aims to guide future thinking and research on ITG in each of the focus areas. This chapter will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of IT governance literature.