Since the late 1970s a stream of research has engaged with the issue of women’s continued under-representation among expatriates. The existing research has debated whether there are country, organizational, and individual reasons why women are not selected for, do not accept, or do not initiate international career opportunities to the same extent as men. The primary focus of much of the research has been on Western women who are single or in dual career relationships and working in multinational corporations. In this chapter we: present a critique of the extant literature; outline the key themes that have attracted most scholarly attention; and offer suggestions for a more inclusive view of female expatriates. In particular, we see potential for future studies considering the diversity of females engaged in international work and careers, namely: women from developing countries; women in non-traditional family situations; and women working across industries and sectors.