As the preceding chapters in this volume demonstrate, a great deal has been learned about pragmatics in English as a lingua franca in a relatively short period of time. But what are the next steps? Clearly, there is a great deal more ground to cover; pragmatics permeates ELF interactions no less than it does L1 interactions, though often in ways that are idiosyncratic to ELF contexts. Fortuitously, ELF pragmatics researchers have the advantage of accessing an established canon of research into L1 pragmatics or intercultural pragmatics. Previous works have propounded and debated theories, identified and explored features of language in use and interactional domains, and developed and tested methodologies and approaches to analysis – all potentially transferable or adaptable to ELF environ­ments. This chapter first draws together the recommendations for future research proposed in the previous chapters, and then turns to established areas of prag­matics with potential utility in an ELF sphere. Lastly, we indicate potential sites for pragmatics enquiry in higher education.