Many of the greatest conservation successes have been on islands, with species restorations providing us with hope that these are widely achievable. It is clear that if some of the more endangered species are to survive, they are going to require long-term care, which for animals may include translocation, supplemental feeding, predator and competitor control, disease management and the provision of safe breeding sites. Embracing interventionist approaches to species recovery means that many extinctions are avoidable. This chapter summarises experiences from New Zealand and Mauritius to illustrate the necessary steps of species recovery. We highlight the need for clearly defined recovery objectives followed by careful identification and comparison of alternative strategies to achieve these objectives. In addition, we explicitly acknowledge uncertainty and how this influences our risk attitude and how best to address it in recovery planning and implementation.