A comprehensive evaluation of hemodynamic energy production and circuit loss using four different ECMO arterial cannulae

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Heinsar, S
Bartnikowski, N
Hartel, G
Farah, SM
Seah, EP
Wu, E
Colombo, SM
Semenzin, C
Haymet, A
Rätsep, I
Pauls, J
Fraser, JF
Suen, JY
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2023
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Abstract

Objective: Pulsatile-flow veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) has shown encouraging results for microcirculation resuscitation and left ventricle unloading in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. We aimed to comprehensively assess different V-A ECMO parameters and their contribution to hemodynamic energy production and transfer through the device circuit. Methods: We used the i-cor® ECMO circuit, which composed of Deltastream DP3 diagonal pump and i-cor® console (Xenios AG), the Hilite 7000 membrane oxygenator (Xenios AG), venous and arterial tubing and a 1 L soft venous pseudo-patient reservoir. Four different arterial cannulae (Biomedicus 15 and 17 Fr, Maquet 15 and 17 Fr) were used. For each cannula, 192 different pulsatile modes were investigated by adjusting flow rate, systole/diastole ratio, pulsatile amplitudes and frequency, yielding 784 unique conditions. A dSpace data acquisition system was used to collect flow and pressure data. Results: Increasing flow rates and pulsatile amplitudes were associated with significantly higher hemodynamic energy production (both p < 0.001), while no significant associations were seen while adjusting systole-to-diastole ratio (p = 0.73) or pulsing frequency (p = 0.99). Arterial cannula represents the highest resistance to hemodynamic energy transfer with 32%–59% of total hemodynamic energy generated being lost within, depending on pulsatile flow settings used. Conclusions: Herein, we presented the first study to compare hemodynamic energy production with all pulsatile ECLS pump settings and their combinations and widely used yet previously unexamined four different arterial ECMO cannula. Only increased flow rate and amplitude increase hemodynamic energy production as single factors, whilst other factors are relevant when combined.

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Artificial Organs

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© 2023 The Authors. Artificial Organs published by International Center for Artificial Organ and Transplantation (ICAOT) and Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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This publication has been entered in Griffith Research Online as an advanced online version.

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Biomedical engineering

cardiogenic shock

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

mechanical circulatory support

mock circulation loop

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Heinsar, S; Bartnikowski, N; Hartel, G; Farah, SM; Seah, EP; Wu, E; Colombo, SM; Semenzin, C; Haymet, A; Rätsep, I; Pauls, J; Fraser, JF; Suen, JY, A comprehensive evaluation of hemodynamic energy production and circuit loss using four different ECMO arterial cannulae, Artificial Organs, 2023

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