The respiratory muscle pressure (Pmus) waveform allows observation of net inspiratory andexpiratory muscle recruitment under a wide variety of conditions, including mechanical ventilation, spontaneous breathing, and during exercise. Observation of the Pmus waveform during incremental and constant work rate cycling reveals that inspiratory and expiratory muscle recruitment systematically increase with rising minute ventilations. Additionally, measuring Pmus allows one to assess the post-inspiratory inspiratory muscle activity (PIIA), whereby the inspiratory muscles “brake” some or all of expiration to allow for a smoother transition in muscle recruitment. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the work of breathing is systematically higher for women compared with men at a given minute ventilation during exercise. It is possible that a greater evolution of net respiratory pressures, as well as longer PIIA duration, may be a contributing factor to the greater work of breathing observed in women during exercise. However, to date, no study has examined the potential sex differences in Pmus, nor PIIA, during exercise. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the Pmus and PIIA during exercise between sexes is warranted.