Workforce diversity continues to pose persistent challenges for organisations. Employers inattentive to diversity may miss out on the benefits that the widest possible spectrum of employees can bring to the organisation. Respecting diversity is also about fairness, equity and lack of discrimination in the workplace, factors which are national goals and embedded in the twenty-first-century identities of New Zealand and Australia. This chapter canvasses the relevant conceptual issues — equity, equal opportunity, diversity and inclusion — and the legislative framework. It then canvasses four “equity groups” — women, young people, the disabled and migrant employees — examining the labour market position of each, the operation of inequity within workplaces, and how equity can be improved. It concludes with a discussion of the way employers can better manage equity and diversity.