In this chapter, we describe our recent study that examined the transboundary ocean plastic issue through local eyes, and the use, disposal, and local consequences of single-use plastics in remote island communities in Eastern Indonesia. Using a baseline assessment of plastic pollution literacy, we examined the knowledge and understanding of community members about the issue of marine plastic. We found that plastic waste is outpacing all mitigation efforts and overwhelming coastal regions. Although many community members are aware of the negative impacts of plastic waste particularly to the environment and to their livelihoods, waste management is a challenge due to limited infrastructure, great distances and high transportation costs, and lack of waste disposal options. At a systems level, social and economic costs are often borne by those affected rather than those responsible for the supply of the plastics and management of the wastes. We conclude that remote coastal communities can do very little to address the issue unless presented with better choice architecture on the supply side and in disposal options, and we highlight the integrated role that producers and manufacturers need to play.