Background: Agricultural products in the China–Eu Geographical Indications (GIs) Agreement have high quality and added value, contributing to the growth of trade between China and the EU. The most direct information on GI agricultural products is the geographical origin, which reflects the product's quality, reputation, creative labor, and economic benefits. It is urgent to develop a series of geographical origin authentication analytical techniques to protect the good reputation of China's GI agricultural products under the China–EU GIs Agreement and the interests of all parties involved. Scope and approach: This paper comprehensively summarizes the status of the protection of the geographical origin authentication of agricultural products on the Chinese side of the China–EU GIs Agreement. In addition, future development trends in the field of the geographical origin authentication of agricultural products are proposed, to provide new perspectives on the protection of GI agricultural products in China. Key findings and conclusion: The development of rapid and nondestructive techniques, deep learning, portable and intelligent detection equipment, and the establishment of testing standard systems are some of the future trends in the field of geographical origin authentication of agricultural products.