Reforms and education inequality in Ghana
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Deng, Xin
Onur, Ilke
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We analyze the evolvement of education inequality and the gender gap in Ghana before and after two major education reforms. Using different measures of inequality, our findings suggest that the gender gap at the basic school level has closed following the introduction of the education expansion policies, but inequalities persist at the postbasic school levels and across regions. We further demonstrate that the educational expansion–schooling inequality nexus is best illustrated by an inverted U-shaped Kuznets curve. We find that after an average of 6 years of schooling has been reached, inequality starts to decline, and gender equality can be achieved when the average years of schooling reach 9.
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Review of Development Economics
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© 2022 The Authors. Review of Development Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
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Development studies
Political economy and social change
Education policy
Banking, finance and investment
Applied economics
Social Sciences
Economics
Business & Economics
education inequality
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Afoakwah, C; Deng, X; Onur, I, Reforms and education inequality in Ghana, Review of Development Economics, 2022