Anatomically, the elbow is a complex joint with a large range of motion, many musculotendinous attachments and several traversing neurovascular structures. Its elaborate design allows this joint to position the hand in space and act as a stabilizer for lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling and throwing. The complex anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow, combined with a large spectrum of pathology, presents a challenge for the treating clinician. This chapter presents an overview of contemporary issues in examination and differential diagnosis, along with the conservative rehabilitation programmes for various elbow injuries, synthesizing the current evidence with clinical reasoning.