Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most successful energy storage system since the commercialization in the early 1990s. Unfortunately, the low theoretical capacity of the commercialized graphite-based anode is still the critical issue for further improvement of the energy density in LIBs. Therefore, the antimony (Sb)-based anodes with high theoretical capacities have attracted tremendous research attention as promising candidates for next-generation LIBs. In this chapter, we summarize the most promising Sb-based anodes and their applications in three different energy storage systems, such as LIBs, sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries. Additionally, various strategies for enhancing the battery performance of Sb-based anodes are presented, including the carbon coating, graphene introduction, porous structure design etc. Moreover, an outlook on the further improvement of Sb-based anode materials is also presented.