This study explored the determinants of intentions to use drug checking services among Australian undergraduate students (N = 324, M age = 22.32 years, SD = 7.21) using an integrated theoretical model that includes social cognition constructs (risk perception, subjective norms, attitudes), health and drug literacy, and socio-structural factors (education, race, employment). A cross-sectional correlational survey design and path analysis revealed that social cognition constructs directly influenced drug checking intentions, while drug literacy and socio-structural variables indirectly influenced intentions through these constructs. Notably, race had a negative indirect effect, while drug and health literacy had a positive indirect effect on intentions. The findings highlight the importance of utility beliefs, perceived risks, and social influences in shaping intentions to use drug checking services. These insights offer a foundation for future behavioral interventions targeting belief-based determinants to promote the use of drug checking services, potentially reducing health risks associated with drug use.