Degradation of soil and loss of fertility will have irreparable consequences. Maintaining the health and quality of the soil, increasing its fertility, and reducing its degradation is one of the most important current concerns. It is very important to find an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and effective way in the process of soil restoration. The use of native microorganisms can help us achieve these goals. Soil microalgae, cyanobacteria, and other microorganisms with their unique ability can be used to restore degraded soils. Cyanobacteria with unique structural features have the ability to survive in very harsh environmental conditions. These microorganisms can improve the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil and provide the growth substrate for plants and also help plant growth and establishment. Cyanobacteria could decompose and remove a wide range of pollutants. In conclusion, the utilization of native microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria and soil microalgae, presents a promising avenue for restoring degraded soils. Their unique abilities to survive in harsh conditions, improve soil characteristics, and aid in plant growth and establishment make them valuable tools in the restoration process. Additionally, their capacity to decompose and remove various pollutants further underscores their potential in addressing soil degradation and fertility loss. Efforts to leverage these microorganisms in soil restoration can significantly contribute to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity.