This chapter explores whether uses of biomolecular computing are likely to fall within the subject matter and scope of activities captured by the CBD’s and Nagoya Protocol’s ABS concept. Thought experiments considering a molecular tic-tac-toe automaton that uses a series of Boolean logic-gates to respond to the moves of its human opponent and a DNA hybridisation image search highlight some unique challenges and implications for users and providers of the genetic resources behind these new technologies if their activities fall within scope. The chapter concludes that DNA computers test the limits of the ABS concept and the extent to which biomolecular computers fit within the ABS concept.