Background: This study sought to identify and evaluate the one hundred most cited articles relating to orthopaedic surgery from Australian authors, so to describe characteristics of and gain insight into the most seminal Australian orthopaedic publications. Methods: The Web of Science was utilised to identify the one hundred most cited publications from within the Science Citation Index Expanded subject category of “ORTHOPEDICS”. Articles were identified from 127 journals within the collection and filtered for those originating from Australian authors. Each article was individually reviewed as related to orthopaedic surgery. The title, authors, journal, city, and publication focusses were identified and evaluated. Results: The top 100 publications from Australian authors were published between 1975 and 2017. The most cited article received 465 citations within the Web of Science Core collection, and the fewest receiving 140. The most common decade of publication began in the year 2000. The American Journal of Sports Medicine was the most prolific with 25 publications. The city with the most publications was Melbourne (38) followed by Sydney (28) and Adelaide (10). Conclusions: This study has identified the top 100 cited publications related to orthopaedics produced by Australian authors. This list comprises a vast number of seminal papers and may hold utility as a reading list for current and aspiring surgical trainees.