Increasing demand for electricity, uncertainty of supply and the pressure of climate change have led to increased interest in nuclear power. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organisation with a mandate to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technology. It is responsible for overseeing the supply of nuclear fuel while preventing nuclear proliferation. This article examines the role of the IAEA and considers some proposals for multilateral cooperation in the provision of reliable and safeguarded sources of nuclear fuel. Most of these allocate a central role to the IAEA because it is an institution they are prepared to trust.