Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin efficacy against human cervix cancer cells

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Robledo-Cadena, DX
Gallardo-Pérez, JC
Dávila-Borja, V
Pacheco-Velázquez, SC
Belmont-Díaz, JA
Ralph, SJ
Blanco-Carpintero, BA
Moreno-Sánchez, R
Rodríguez-Enríquez, S
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2020
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Abstract

This study shows that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib and its non-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) analogue dimethylcelecoxib (DMC) exert a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of human cervix HeLa multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) when added either at the beginning (“preventive protocol”; IC50 = 1 ± 0.3 nM for celecoxib and 10 ± 2 nM for DMC) or after spheroid formation (“curative protocol”; IC50 = 7.5 ± 2 µM for celecoxib and 32 ± 10 µM for DMC). These NSAID IC50 values were significantly lower than those attained in bidimensional HeLa cells (IC50 = 55 ± 9 µM celecoxib and 48 ± 2 µM DMC) and bidimensional non-cancer cell cultures (3T3 fibroblasts and MCF-10A mammary gland cells with IC50 from 69 to >100 µM, after 24 h). The copper-based drug casiopeina II-gly showed similar potency against HeLa MCTS. Synergism analysis showed that celecoxib, DMC, and casiopeinaII-gly at sub-IC50 doses increased the potency of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin to hinder HeLa cell proliferation through a significant abolishment of oxidative phosphorylation in bidimensional cultures, with no apparent effect on non-cancer cells (therapeutic index >3.6). Similar results were attained with bidimensional human cervix cancer SiHa and human glioblastoma U373 cell cultures. In HeLa MCTS, celecoxib, DMC and casiopeina II-gly increased cisplatin toxicity by 41–85%. These observations indicated that celecoxib and DMC used as adjuvant therapy in combination with canonical anti-cancer drugs may provide more effective alternatives for cancer treatment.

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Pharmaceuticals

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13

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12

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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

Bliss-type additivism model

HeLa cells

celecoxib

dimethylcelecoxib

drug synergism

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Robledo-Cadena, DX; Gallardo-Pérez, JC; Dávila-Borja, V; Pacheco-Velázquez, SC; Belmont-Díaz, JA; Ralph, SJ; Blanco-Carpintero, BA; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Rodríguez-Enríquez, S, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin efficacy against human cervix cancer cells, Pharmaceuticals, 2020, 13 (12), pp. 463

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