This chapter provides an overview of the Australian mining and minerals industry and explains how this industry and its advisory and regulatory body, the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA), addresses business sustainability. First, a brief discussion on the Australian industry’s minerals and resources sector, from early beginnings to present day, provides a context to understand current sustainability activities. Within this context, the overall regulatory framework and various industry regulatory licenses are discussed. To further understand the MCA’s commitment to sustainable development, the 10 sustainable principles developed by the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) are examined alongside the elements recommended for each principle. The MCA has used the ICMM guidelines and principles to develop frameworks for its members to adhere to. These frameworks include the Enduring Value Framework (EVF) and the Water Accounting Framework (WAF), which are individually detailed in this chapter. The guidelines for each element developed by the MCA are explained, as are voluntary membership and commitments as well as obligations to the EVF and WAF guidelines. Also discussed are the additional frameworks being developed by the MCA for land-use planning and natural resource management, and the MCA’s current work toward biodiversity offset reform under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. The chapter concludes with a discussion on MCA stakeholders and stake-holder involvement and engagement with regard to their influence on reform and motivating voluntary compliance while also enhancing the movement toward themes supporting the “social license to operate.”