Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bar is a versatile element applied to the civil engineering industry. Considering its low shear strength, the anchoring performance is of concern. For FRP anchoring system, the safety monitoring is a new approach to investigate the performance in anchoring and long-term safety use. Based on the material properties and the requirements of anchorage and safety monitoring, this paper proposes an innovative smart Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG)-based FRP anchor by introducing FBG into FPR bonding anchor. The debonding damage process and the failure sensitivity of the smart anchor were investigated during the pull-out tests. Additionally, the strain distribution inside the anchor under pull out load and the law of strain varying with load were analysed. Based on the experimental results, the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of the smart anchor were carried out. Further, the debonding damage mechanism and failure mode, the distribution model and simplified calculation model of the interfacial shear stress between FRP bar and epoxy were put forward. Moreover, the FRP bonding anchor theory, the safety monitoring and failure evaluation method of FBG-based FRP anchor were developed.