To improve the photocorrosion of CdS nanorod arrays (CdS NRAs), we have designed a simple and facile treatment method of in-situ hydrogenation to fabricate CdS@SnS/SnO2 heterostructure on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, which is a highly photostable hydrogenated CdS-based film photocatalyst (CdS NRAs-H2). Over a 25-h long time irradiation, the total photocatalytic hydrogen production of hydrogenated CdS NRAs is almost 2.0 times higher than that of un-hydrogenated CdS NRAs. Moreover, the average hydrogen production rate of CdS NRAs-H2 can steadily maintain at 23.75 μmol cm−2 h−1 with 102% of retention rate after 5 reaction cycles, while they are only 6.13 μmol cm−2 h−1 with 30% of retention rate for un-hydrogenated common CdS NRAs. The photocatalytic mechanism on enhanced activity and stability for hydrogenated CdS NRAs photocatalyst is also investigated and discussed in detail.