Coinfection with chikungunya and Zika results in mild disease and distinct inflammatory response
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Magalhães, Lucas Sousa
dos Santos, Priscila Lima
de Lucena Couto Ócea, Regina Adalva
Debbo, Alejandra
de Carvalho, Jaira Vanessa
Teixeira, Mauro Martins
Mahalingam, Suresh
de Jesus, Amelia Ribeiro
da Silva, Angela Maria
de Almeida, Roque Pacheco
Santos, Camilla Natália Oliveira
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Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, both mosquito-borne, often circulate simultaneously, raising concerns about the effects of coinfection. This study evaluated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 12 patients with concurrent CHIKV and ZIKV infections confirmed by RT-qPCR. Clinical data and 45 immune mediators were analyzed. Coinfected and monoinfected patients exhibited similar symptoms, although ZIKV-infected individuals experienced fewer instances of fever. No patients had persistent symptoms or required hospitalization. Chemokines CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were elevated across all groups. CHIKV-infected patients showed higher levels of CCL2, CCL4, EGF, CXCL12, and IFN-α compared to controls, while IL-1RA, IL-8, and IFN-γ were elevated in both CHIKV and coinfected groups. SCF was elevated only in the ZIKV group. Overall, CHIKV and ZIKV coinfection presented mild clinical symptoms similar to monoinfections and demonstrated a moderate inflammatory response.
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npj Viruses
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3
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© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Alves, JC; Magalhães, LS; dos Santos, PL; de Lucena Couto Ócea, RA; Debbo, A; de Carvalho, JV; Teixeira, MM; Mahalingam, S; de Jesus, AR; da Silva, AM; de Almeida, RP; Santos, CNO, Coinfection with chikungunya and Zika results in mild disease and distinct inflammatory response, npj Viruses, 3, pp. 10