In response to September 11 and later terror attacks, Western governments enacted a wide range of counter-terrorism laws which provided for coercive powers of arrest, temporary detention, imprisonment and other restrictions on liberty. Most recently, these laws have been supplemented with new offences and powers which are designed to address the threat of terrorism from individuals connected with or inspired by Islamic State. For good reason, much of the academic literature on prevention in counter-terrorism has focused on these laws: mapping their scope, conceptualising them as a form of prevention, assessing their impact on individuals and communities, and considering how they might be appropriately limited. For example, other chapters in this collection address some of these questions in relation to the Australian control order legislation, which allows the state to impose significant restrictions on an individual’s liberty without a finding of criminal guilt.