Like all states, Australia has a strategic personality—a set of recognisable traits that shape how policymakers manage security challenges. These traits are displayed in the ways that politicians, officials, and influential analysts process information about those challenges, craft responses, and implement policy. They tend to be consistent over time, but they are not unchangeable. To assess Australia’s strategic personality and how it may be changing, as Australia’s security environment evolves, we developed a new approach and built a new dataset based on interviews with analysts and scholars from across the Indo-Pacific. This dataset allowed us to construct an account of how influential regional security experts perceive Australian policymaking and implementation. We analysed these findings with the advice of a group of Australian-based specialists on Australian foreign and security policy. For an additional check of robustness, we also conducted off-the-record interviews with regional diplomats based in Australia to ascertain their views of Australia’s strategic personality.