Automatic detection of fish and tracking of movement for ecology

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Lopez-Marcano, Sebastian
Jinks, Eric
Buelow, Christina
Brown, Christopher J
Wang, Dadong
Kusy, Branislav
Ditria, Ellen
Connolly, Rod
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2021
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Abstract

Animal movement studies are conducted to monitor ecosystem health, understand ecological dynamics, and address management and conservation questions. In marine environments, traditional sampling and monitoring methods to measure animal movement are invasive, labor intensive, costly, and limited in the number of individuals that can be feasibly tracked. Automated detection and tracking of small-scale movements of many animals through cameras are possible but are largely untested in field conditions, hampering applications to ecological questions. Here, we aimed to test the ability of an automated object detection and object tracking pipeline to track small-scale movement of many individuals in videos. We applied the pipeline to track fish movement in the field and characterize movement behavior. We automated the detection of a common fisheries species (yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis) along a known movement passageway from underwater videos. We then tracked fish movement with three types of tracking algorithms (MOSSE, Seq-NMS, and SiamMask) and evaluated their accuracy at characterizing movement. We successfully detected yellowfin bream in a multispecies assemblage (F1 score =91%). At least 120 of the 169 individual bream present in videos were correctly identified and tracked. The accuracies among the three tracking architectures varied, with MOSSE and SiamMask achieving an accuracy of 78% and Seq-NMS 84%. By employing this integrated object detection and tracking pipeline, we demonstrated a noninvasive and reliable approach to studying fish behavior by tracking their movement under field conditions. These cost-effective technologies provide a means for future studies to scale-up the analysis of movement across many visual monitoring systems.

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Ecology and Evolution

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11

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12

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© 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ecology

Evolutionary biology

Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)

Ecological applications

Science & Technology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Environmental Sciences & Ecology

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Lopez-Marcano, S; Jinks, E; Buelow, C; Brown, CJ; Wang, D; Kusy, B; Ditria, E; Connolly, R, Automatic detection of fish and tracking of movement for ecology, Ecology and Evolution, 2021, 11 (12), pp. 8254-8263

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