In the previous chapter, it was demonstrated that whistleblowing was more prevalent than was generally believed. Large numbers of employees, however, clearly observed wrongdoing within their organisation but neither spoke up nor took any other action in response. It was also shown that there were significant differences in reporting and inaction rates across organisations-that is, in the proportion of employees who, having perceived wrongdoing, spoke up about it, or, alternatively, who appeared to take no action. What explains these significant differences?