This thesis explores two aspects of natural product (NP) chemistry. In part A, the use of NPs as scaffolds in the generation of screening libraries was explored as a valuable way to produce structurally diverse compounds with lead- or drug-like physicochemical parameters. Part B describes the chemical investigations of several species from the under-studied Australian endemic plant genus Eremophila, which was selected for examination as it had high potential to be a source of both new chemistry and of unique scaffolds for screening library production.