In recent years, the use of plastic polymers in agriculture and food sectors has increased exponentially, leading to an increasing demand for a thorough review of the available principal plastic polymers. Plastic polymers employed in agriculture and food sectors will be discussed thoroughly in this chapter. Plastic polymers have found a wide range of applications in agriculture and the food domain, serving as a primary material for storage, packaging, and processing. Their advantages include prolonged shelf life, enhanced product safety and reduced waste. Additionally, plastic polymers have proven their cost-effectiveness in contrast to alternative materials. Their versatility allows for a multitude of applications in the food and agriculture sectors. This chapter delves into an exploration of the advantages and impediments associated with plastic polymers in the agricultural and food industries, along with an examination of potential ecological and biological risks associated with their applications. Furthermore, it sheds light on emerging technologies, including 3D printing and their potential roles within these sectors. These polymers are also crucial in the construction of greenhouses and agricultural films, shielding plants from environmental pollutants. Finally, this chapter emphasizes the far-reaching environmental and societal implications stemming from the use of plastic polymers in the agricultural and food sectors and spotlights the emerging trends in the deployment of plastic polymers in both sectors. The overarching conclusion is that while plastic polymers offer robust benefits to the agricultural and food sectors, such as reinforced safety and sustainability, vigilant monitoring is imperative to alleviate the potential adverse environmental and societal repercussions.