Introduction: It is critical to assess the progress toward achieving the national goal of reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third by 2030 in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Vietnamese adult population. Method: Five databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and local peer-reviewed journals were searched from inception to May 2024 without language restrictions. Pooled percentages of all dyslipidemia indicators were derived by random-effect model meta-analysis. We also estimated the pooled crude odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with dyslipidemia and calculated Hedges's g standardized mean for each dyslipidemia component. Results: Sixty-nine studies were identified as relevant for systematic review, with 41 studies included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of having at least one component of dyslipidemia was 49 % (95%CI = 38%–60 %), and figures for high total cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were 31 % (95%CI = 25 %; 37 %), 38 % (95%CI = 31 %; 44 %), 21 % (95%CI = 12 %; 32 %), 23 % (95%CI = 16 %; 30 %), respectively. The pooled percentage of overall dyslipidemia was higher in males, in the Southeast region and in studies reported in Vietnamese than those in English. Having diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity and overweight/obesity were significantly positively associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was substantially high and increased in the Vietnamese adult population. Findings from this up-to-date review reinforce the necessity of effective implementation of NCDs prevention to achieve the national goal.