Perception, theories of
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C. Edwards
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Historically, the beginning of interest in relation to perception, can be traced back to Aristotle and his assertion that perception is the transforming process of turning the sensory perceiver into the physical entity it perceives (Ross, 1961) and Plato who believed that that knowledge does not come from the sensory organs but from the cognitive activity they generate (Plato, 369BC/1973). During the Enlightenment era, René Descartes (1641/1984) elaborated on Plato’s idea by describing perception as an act of thinking and explained his understanding through the following example: “I am now seeing light, hearing a noise, feeling heat. But I am asleep, so all this is false. Yet I certainly seem to see, to hear, and to be warmed. This cannot be false; what is called ‘having a sensory perception’ is strictly just this, and in this restricted sense of the term it is simply thinking” (p. 29). A few decades after Descartes’ death, in 1688, William Molyneux addressed a question to John Locke regarding the ability of previously blind individuals to identify objects with which they were familiar through the sense of touch before gaining their sight. Locke’s reply that was also supported by George Berkeley denied the possibility of a person being able to visually identify the difference between a globe and a cube without hitherto visually experiencing both. The empirical approach of John Locke as described in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) that negated the possibility of a newly visioned person recognizing a globe and a cube by sight (Park, 1969) was reinforced by William Chesselden’s findings based on his medical procedures performed on cataract patients that, at the time, led to the same conclusion (Chesselden, 1728).
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The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Design vol 3
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3
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Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified