Seaweed Biomass-Derived Flame-Retardant Gel Electrolyte Membrane for Safe Solid-State Supercapacitors
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Li, D
Liu, H
She, X
Xia, Y
Zhang, S
Zhang, H
Yang, D
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Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have received a great deal of attention for use in solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs). However, a majority of the reported GPEs, such as petroleum-derived poly(vinyl alcohol), suffer from flammability, poor water retention, and low ionic conductivity, resulting in poor safety and low capacitance. Herein, we report a high-performance flame-retardant GPE (FRGPE) for SSCs using natural and sustainable marine biomass alginate as a precursor. The obtained lithium alginate/C2H3LiO2 (Li-Alg/LiOAc) FRGPE not only offers excellent flame-retardant performance (high oxygen index value, 35%) but also can effectively retain water to avoid swelling behavior at high temperatures. Therefore, it can completely resolve the safety problems of SSCs. Importantly, the seaweed GPE displays a considerably high ionic conductivity (32.6 mS cm–1) because of the amorphous structure and abundant oxygen of the polymer. Accordingly, the safe SSC fabricated by FRGPE with activated carbon electrodes delivers a high specific capacitance, excellent rate performance, and superior stability. The natural and sustainable seaweed GPEs could be promising electrolytes for developing safe and high-performance SSCs.
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Macromolecules
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51
Issue
22
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Chemical sciences
Other chemical sciences not elsewhere classified
Engineering